Metal knowledge
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Release time:
2024-05-20
Metals are divided into ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals
Metals are divided into two categories: ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals. Black metals include iron, chromium, and manganese; Nonferrous metals refer to all metals except for iron, chromium, and manganese. They can be roughly classified into the following five categories based on their density, price, reserves and distribution in the earth's crust, and the timing of their discovery and use.
(1) Light non-ferrous metals: Refers to non-ferrous metals with a density less than 4.5. Including aluminum, magnesium, potassium, sodium, calcium, strontium, and barium.
(2) Heavy non-ferrous metals: Refers to non-ferrous metals with a density greater than 4.5. Including copper, lead, zinc, nickel, cobalt, tin, antimony, mercury, cadmium, bismuth, etc.
(3) Precious metals: Refers to non-ferrous metals with low content in the earth's crust, difficult to mine and extract, stable to oxygen and other reagents, and more expensive than general metals. Including gold, silver, platinum, palladium, osmium, iridium, ruthenium, rhodium.
(4) Semimetals generally refer to five elements: silicon, selenium, tellurium, arsenic, and boron. Its physical and chemical properties are between metals and non metals. Arsenic is non-metallic, but it can conduct heat and electricity.
(5) Rare metals: Rare metals are not necessarily rare, but rather refer to those that are not widely distributed in the Earth's crust, difficult to mine and smelt, and have been used in industry relatively late, hence they are called rare metals. Including lithium, beryllium, rubidium, cesium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, tungsten, molybdenum, rhenium, gallium, indium, germanium, thallium, etc.
Black metal and non-ferrous metal together constitute the modern material system, which is an essential basic material and important strategic material for the national economy, people's daily life, defense industry, scientific and technological development. The modernization of agriculture, industry, national defense, and science and technology all rely on ferrous and non-ferrous metals. For example, weapons such as airplanes, missiles, rockets, satellites, nuclear submarines, as well as components or parts required for technologies such as atomic energy, television, communication, radar, and electronic computers, are mostly made of light and rare metals in non-ferrous metals; In addition, without non-ferrous metals such as nickel, cobalt, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, niobium, there would be no production of alloy steel. The usage of non-ferrous metals in certain applications, such as the power industry, is also considerable. Nowadays, many countries in the world, especially industrialized countries, are competing to develop the non-ferrous metal industry and increase their strategic reserves of non-ferrous metals.
China has abundant non-ferrous metal resources and a relatively complete variety. The reserves of metals such as tungsten and rare earths rank among the top in the world, and the reserves of metals such as lead, nickel, mercury, aluminum, niobium are also quite abundant. Among mineral resources, non-ferrous metals are a major advantage for China. The development of China's non-ferrous metal industry is very fast, and a production system has been formed, ranging from commonly used non-ferrous metals to rare metals, with a relatively complete variety and a relatively complete process. The mining, beneficiation, smelting, and processing of various non-ferrous metals in China have a considerable scale, providing important material support for the rapid development of the national economy.
Key words:
Metals,non-ferrous metals
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